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مهندسی شیمی::
کریستال سیلیکونی
Silicon crystal
In silicon crystal, each atom is surrounded by four others and all the available electrons are used in the bonding process; no electrons can be free to participate in conduction.
Let us then introduce some phosphorus into the silicon crystal in a weak concentration (doping is the term used when referring to semi-conductors).
The silicon crystal now becomes a conductor.
Now let us see what happens when we introduce a weak concentration of indium atoms into the silicon crystal.
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